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The Pope's Last Crusade: How an American Jesuit Helped Pope Pius XI's Campaign to Stop Hitler, by Peter Eisner
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Drawing on untapped resources, exclusive interviews, and new archival research, The Pope’s Last Crusade by Peter Eisner is a thrilling narrative that sheds new light on Pope Pius XI’s valiant effort to condemn Nazism and the policies of the Third Reich—a crusade that might have changed the course of World War II.
A shocking tale of intrigue and suspense, illustrated with sixteen pages of archival photos, The Pope’s Last Crusade: How an American Jesuit Helped Pope Pius XI's Campaign to Stop Hitler illuminates this religious leader’s daring yet little-known campaign, a spiritual and political battle that would be derailed by Pius’s XIs death just a few months later. Peter Eisner reveals how Pius XI intended to unequivocally reject Nazism in one of the most unprecedented and progressive pronouncements ever issued by the Vatican, and how a group of conservative churchmen plotted to prevent it.
For years, only parts of this story have been known. Eisner offers a new interpretation of this historic event and the powerful figures at its center in an essential work that provides thoughtful insight and raises controversial questions impacting our own time.
- Sales Rank: #789031 in Books
- Published on: 2013-03-19
- Released on: 2013-03-19
- Format: Deckle Edge
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.00" h x 1.01" w x 6.00" l, 1.06 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 304 pages
From Booklist
Justified or not, the Vatican has recently been subjected to numerous attacks for its relationship with the Nazis and its role in the Holocaust. The criticism centers on the activities (or inactivity) of Pope Pius XII. But his predecessor, Pius XI, was cut from different cloth. Before and after his ascension to the Papacy, Pius XI had been an ardent spokesman for “social justice” and opposition to various forms of racism. As pope, he well understood the dangers posed by fascism and the Nazis and didn’t hesitate to criticize Western democracies for their passivity. Before his untimely death, in 1939, Pius was influenced strongly by an American prelate, John La Farge, who had campaigned against racial injustice in the U.S. Eisner, a historian and journalist, suggests that the survival of Pius XI beyond 1939 could have put a much different focus on Catholic-Jewish relations and perhaps ameliorated some aspects of the Holocaust. That is certainly debatable, but this is an interesting work that usefully poses a what-if question while attempting to provide a more balanced view of Vatican policies in the 1930s. --Jay Freeman
Review
“Engrossing. ... Lively.” (Library Journal)
“An exciting reminder of how Vatican machinations continue to haunt history.” (Kirkus Reviews)
“Gripping. ... Finally, the story of a lost opportunity that could have affected the course of history can now be told.” (Voice of Reason)
From the Back Cover
A conspiracy within the Vatican—to stop an outspoken Pope
In 1938, Pope Pius XI was the world's most prominent critic of Hitler and his rhetoric of ethnic "purity." To make his voice heard, Pius called upon a relatively unknown American Jesuit whose writing about racism in America had caught the Pope's attention. Pius enlisted John LaFarge to write a papal encyclical—the Vatican's strongest decree—publicly condemning Hitler, Mussolini, and their murderous Nazi campaign against the Jews.
At the same time conservative members of the Vatican's innermost circle were working in secret to suppress the document. Chief among them was Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli, whose appeasement of the Germans underlay a deep-running web of conspiracy. Pacelli, who would become Pope Pius XII, was joined by Wlodimir Ledóchowski, leader of the Jesuit order, to keep the finished encyclical from reaching the increasingly ill Pope.
Peter Eisner, award-winning reporter and author of the critically acclaimed The Freedom Line, combines shocking new evidence (released only recently from Vatican archives) and eyewitness testimony to create a compelling journey into the heart of the Vatican and a little-known story of an American's partnership with the head of the Catholic Church. A truly essential work, it brings staggering new light to one of the most critical junctures in modern history.
Most helpful customer reviews
19 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
A Fascinating Insight Into A Landmark Declaration
By Ethan
The year was 1938. Hitler was in complete power, leading Nazi Germany on a campaign through Europe, to spread his views. In the Vatican, Pope Pius XI, who was slowly declining into failing health, sought the assistance of an American Jesuit Priest, John LaFarge. LaFarge was a scholar, whose expertise on racial injustices perfectly fit into the Church's views on the situation. His goal was to publicly denounce the Nazism and anti-Semitism that he feared would destroy the teachings of the church. Coming from the Pope, the highest leader of the Catholic Church, this condemnation of Hitler could potentially impact the views of other world leaders, and in turn, World War II itself.
Of course, this process was easier said than done. Pius XI found himself in the midst of an Italian government that seemed to be, whether out of fear or agreement, embracing Hitler's Germany. They even invited the leader to visit their country. Pius XI would have nothing to do with the fanfare of Hitler's arrival. Instead, he retreated to a private Vatican estate, outside of the city, in a quiet protest. Met by resistance from even members of his own church who would rather keep peace with Hitler than provoke him with a damning proclamation, Pius XI stuck to his guns, to denounce what he knew was wrong.
I've always been fascinated by the many pieces to the giant puzzle that is World War II. This time in our history seems to show the best and worst aspects of our world, and I think there are many things to be learned. I was unfamiliar with the story of Pope Pius XI, but with all of the recent actions taking place in the Vatican, it seemed like a good time to delve deeper into the church's history. I was immediately drawn to Pius's unassuming, humble ways. He really comes off as a kind of quiet force. This book gives interesting insights into the mysterious protocols and inevitable politics of the Vatican. Despite its rather brief length, the book is detailed, suspenseful account of this Pope's history making actions.
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Mystery History
By John P. Rooney
“The Pope’s Last Crusade” by Peter Eisner.
Subtitled: “How An American Jesuit Helped Pope Pius Xi’s Campaign to Stop Hitler”.
HarperCollins, New York 2013.
Peter Eisner has taken the known history of the “hidden encyclical” of Pope Pius XI (1857-1939) and produced a mystery book, which has the reader involved in the next step in publishing the encyclical even while knowing that history shows the encyclical was NOT published. The book is well written and captures the intrigue within the Vatican and the hierarchy of the time.
The main characters are Pius XI (Achille Ratti 1857-1939), of course, and the Jesuit, John LaFarge, Jr., (1880-1963). In fact, this book is one of the more complete biography of John LaFarge, or, perhaps, an extensive biographical sketch.
Since the book deals with the time period to 1938 to early 1939, the author, Peter Eisner, has been rather dismissive of the strong courage of Pius XI. On page 33, Eisner emphasizes the general opinion of Pius XI: that he was a conservative defending the Church, regardless. Pius XI took on Mussolini, Hitler, and Stalin when the Church was involved. This book, which addresses a limited time period, does not even mention the encyclical, “Non Abbiamo Bisogno” (We Do Not Need), the first modern encyclical written in a vernacular language and not in Latin. In this 1931 encyclical, Pius XI fundamentally called Mussolini’s regime anti-Catholic, and the Pope condemned the pagan worship of the state. Remember that this was the time when Mussolini was at the peak of his power, with a Vietnam type war in Libya and a war in Ethiopia that included the use of poison gas against the Ethiopians. The League of Nations censored Italy, but did nothing.
Hitler came to power by popular vote in 1933. Hitler’s power began to outshine that of Mussolini. In 1935, the Saar voted to come back to Germany. In 1936, Hitler remilitarized the Rhineland. The French did nothing. Leaders in Europe began to work to “appease” Hitler. Then, in 1937, this roly-poly short Pope published his encyclical in German, “Mit Brenneder Sorge”. I don’t know why Peter Eisner uses the translation, “With Deep Anxiety”, but the literal translation is “With Burning Concern”, which are certainly much stronger words. While Chamberlain of Britain, Daladier of France, and even King Leopold of Belgium, worked to appease Hitler, Pius XI did an “in your face” to Adolf Hitler, telling him, in summary, that there is no such thing as a Master Race. In all of Europe, only Pope Pius XI was strong enough to stand against both bloody dictators, Mussolini and Hitler. The record of Pius XI, Achille Ratti, however, has been overshadowed by the animosity against his successor, Pius XII, Eugenio Pacelli. That animosity continues today. Just look at the Amazon Reviews. One reviewer, without reading the book, “The Pope’s Last Crusade”, gave one star in his review. Further, he wrote out a tirade against Pope Pius. Clearly, the reviewer was so ignorant that he did not know the difference between Achille Ratti and Eugenio Pacelli. But, the reviewer hit the book with one star!
I enjoyed this book and I hope that my five stars will counter balance the one star reviews.
4 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
An engaging tale about an unfairly forgotten man
By John Burgess
Peter Eisner has reached back into 20th Century history to find a fascinating character whom almost no one has ever heard of: the American Jesuit priest John LaFarge. An early campaigner for racial equality in the United States, LaFarge was asked in 1938 by Pope Pius XI to draft an encyclical that would condemn Nazi persecution and theories of racial superiority. What he wrote and what happened to the draft gives an illuminating look into church teachings, European politics and efforts to head off World War II. Eisner's book has a very engaging style, is deeply researched and draws on LaFarge's personal papers to recount not just one man's story but a whole era. You'll like this book.
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